The development of automatic speech evaluation system for learners of English

制度:新 ; 報告番号:甲3183号 ; 学位の種類:博士(教育学) ; 授与年月日:2010/11/30 ; 早大学位記番号:新547

アジア海域における大型クラゲ類と他動物との共生に関する生態学的研究

内容の要約広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(農学)Doctor of Agriculturedoctora

Changes in industry marketing payments to physicians during the covid-19 pandemic: quasi experimental, difference-in-difference study

[Objective] To determine changes in industry marketing payments to physicians due to the covid-19 pandemic. [Design] Quasi experimental, difference-in-difference study. [Data source] US nationwide database of licensed physicians, the National Plan and Provider Enumeration System, which was linked to a database of industry marketing payments made to physicians, Open Payments. [Population] All licensed US physicians from 2018 to 2020 and those who received payments from industry. [Main outcome measures] Changes in the value and the number of monthly industry payments physician received before (January-February 2020) and during the pandemic (April-December 2020) were assessed, adjusting for physicians’ characteristics (gender and specialty). As the control, data for the same months in 2019 were used. Industry payments by type of payments (eg, meals, travel, consulting fees, speaker compensation, honorariums), were also examined. [Results] Among 880 589 US physicians included in this study, 267 463 (30.4%) physicians received a total of 4 117 482 non-research payments with $626 million ($710 per physician; £610; €708) in 2020 (40-44% decrease from $1047m in 2018 and$1115m in 2019). Industry payments decreased significantly in the months of the covid-19 pandemic (adjusted change in the value of −48.4%; 95% confidence interval −50.6 to −46.2; P<0.001; and adjusted change in the number of −47.4%, 95% confidence interval −47.7 to −47.1; P<0.001), particularly for meals and travel fees. No evidence was seen of a decrease in the number of industry payments for consulting and honorariums. A similar pattern was observed across physicians’ gender and specialty. [Conclusions] Industry payments to physicians, particularly those involving physical interactions such as meals and travel, substantially decreased during the pandemic. How such changes affect prescription practices and the quality of clinical practice in the long term should be investigated

ANALYSIS OF MOBILITY ON INCONVENIENT AREA OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN LOCAL CITY : CASE STUDY ON TOKUSHIMA CITY

多くの地方都市において，公共交通不便地域が存在し，今後の地域交通サービスの在り方が議論されている．本研究では，地方都市の公共交通不便地域における生活交通を対象として，個人のモビリティの計測方法を確立するとともに，外出頻度に与える影響の把握を目的とする．具体的には徳島市域を事例とし，住民意向調査データを用いて，交通手段別のアクセシビリティおよび各交通手段の利用可能性の2種類の観点からモビリティの現状を把握した．また，利用可能性を考慮したアクセシビリティと買物目的での外出頻度の関係を検証した．これより，自動車のみならず公共交通の利用可能アクセシビリティによる外出頻度への影響を明らかにした．The future way of regional public transport services has been discussed in many local cities, where inconvenient residential area for public transport are included. In this paper, it aims to estimate the influence of personal mobility on travel behavior frequency. For the purpose, we construct a method of measuring personal mobility for daily life in inconvenient area of public transport, using the intention survey data for residents in Tokushima city. As a result, we can measure the accessibility and the availability of transport mode concerning mobility. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between accessibility considering availability and frequency of daily shopping trip. Finally, it can be confirmed that accessibility considering availability of public transport as well as automobiles influences on the travel frequency

A comparison of the force applied on oral structures during intubation attempts between the Pentax-AWS airwayscope and the Macintosh laryngoscope: a high-fidelity simulator-based study

Objective: We sought to determine whether the use of Pentax-AWS Airwayscope (AWS) applied less force on oral structures during intubation attempts than a conventional direct laryngoscope (DL). Design: Prospective cross-over study. Participants: A total of 37 physicians (9 transitional-year residents, 20 emergency medicine residents and 8 emergency physicians) were enrolled. Interventions We used four simulation scenarios according to the difficulty of intubation and devices and used a high-fidelity simulator to quantify the forces applied on the oral structures. Outcome measures Primary outcomes were the maximum force applied on the maxillary incisors and tongue. Other outcomes of interest were time to intubation and glottic view during intubation attempts. Results: The maximum force applied on the maxillary incisors in the normal airway scenario was higher with the use of AWS than that with DL (107 newton (N) vs 77 N, p=0.02). By contrast, the force in the difficult airway scenario was significantly lower with the use of AWS than that of the DL (89 N vs 183 N, p<0.01). Likewise, the force applied on the tongue was significantly lower with the use of AWS than the use of DL in both airway scenarios (11 N vs 27 N, p<0.001 in the normal airway scenario; 12 N vs 40 N, p<0.01 in the difficult airway scenario). Conclusions: The use of AWS during intubation attempts was associated with decreased forces applied to oral structures in the simulated difficult airway scenario

Short-Term Program on Three-Dimensional Printed Self-Help Devices for Occupational Therapy Students: A Pre-Post Intervention Study

Despite the increasing importance of digital fabrication, of which three-dimensional printing is an important aspect, educational programs in this area have not been fully developed. To utilize three-dimensional printing optimally, occupational therapists need to be familiar with this new technology, understand its scope of application, and possess certain levels of skills for producing. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a short-term program for occupational therapy students to increase the acceptance of three-dimensional printed devices by acquiring the basic knowledge and skills of making three-dimensional printed self-help devices. The research involved an intervention study with a pre-post design. Participants comprised 112 entry-level occupational therapy students. The program consisted of two 90-minute sessions during 2019 and 2020. It included a three-part lecture series and two types of practice. The conducted pre-post questionnaires were structured into four categories: I. student profile; II. knowledge about digital fabrication technology; III. ideas and attitudes toward three-dimensional printed self-help devices; and IV. impressions and thoughts. After the program, the number of students who acquired basic knowledge of digital fabrication and who felt confident about making three-dimensional printed self-help devices significantly increased (p \u3c 0.05). The study suggested that the program was effective and assisted occupational therapy students to understand the usefulness of this new technology and be comfortable using it

Successful Endoscopic Dilation Treatment of Small Intestinal Stricture Occurring during Chemotherapy for Malignant Lymphoma

We report a stricture occurring during chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma that was successfully treated by endoscopic balloon dilation. The patient was diagnosed with stage IV malignant lymphoma by esophagogastroduodenoscopy and computed tomography scans. She complained of nausea and vomiting after undergoing the second cycle of chemotherapy. A small intestinal series through an ileus tube showed severe stricture of the ileum. Endoscopic balloon dilation was successfully performed with single-balloon endoscopy. After the procedure, her symptoms subsided and did not recur even 8 months after endoscopic dilation therapy